Classification of Internal Combustion Engines

There are many different types of internal combustion engines. They can be classified by:

1. Application

Automobile, truck, locomotive, light aircraft, marine, portable power system, power generation

2. Basic engine design

Reciprocating engines (in turn subdivided by arrangement of cylinders: e.g., in-line, V, radial,

Slip Mechanism

The usual method of plastic deformation in metals is by the sliding of blocks of the crystal over one another along definite crystallographic planes, called slip planes. Slip occurs when the shear stress exceeds a critical value. The atoms move an integral number of atomic distances along the slip plane which shows up as a line called as

Relation between True stress and Engineering stress

When a ductile material is subjected to tensile stress, beyond a certain stress, the cross sectional area of the material decreases at a particular position in the material; i.e. a construction develops at a particular position. This is called necking. The area of the specimen at the neck changes continuously as the load is increased. The true stress at any time of loading, is the

Yielding criteria for Ductile materials

The problem of deducing mathematical relationships for predicting the conditions at which plastic yielding begins when a material is subjected to a complex state of stress is an important consideration in the field of plasticity. In uniaxial loading, plastic

Fine Particle Strengthening

Fine particle strengthening is a two phase strengthening mechanism. Only a relatively small number of alloy systems permit extensive solid solubility between two or more elements, and only a relatively small hardening effect can be produced in most alloy systems by solid solution additions. Therefore, most commercial alloys contain a heterogeneous micro structure consisting of

Solid Solution Strengthening

The introduction of solute atoms into solid solution in the solvent atom lattice invariably produces an alloy which is stronger than the pure metal. There are two types of solid solutions. If the solute and solvent atoms are roughly similar, the solute atoms will occupy lattice points in the

Critically Resolved Shear Stress

The extent of slip in a single crystal depends on the magnitude of the shearing stress produced by external loads, the geometry of the crystal structure, and the orientation of the active slip planes with respect to the shearing stresses. Slip begins when the shearing stress