Platinum Sensors

Industrial measurements usually exploit resistance sensors, resistance thermometer detectors (RTDs), or thermocouples. Resistance sensors are fabricated of pure metals (platinum, nickel, and copper), of carbon, germanium, silicon, or other semiconductor materials. Metals used for temperature sensors are

Solenoid and Motorized actuators

Solenoid Actuators

     The basic operation of solenoid actuators is very simple. The term ‘solenoid’ means: ‘many coils of wire wound onto a hollow tube’. However, the term is often misused, but has become so entrenched that terms like ‘starter solenoid’ – when really it is starter relay – are in common use. A good example of a solenoid actuator is

Thermisters and Thermocouples

THERMISTOR

     Thermistors are the most common device used for temperature measurement on a motor vehicle. The principle of measurement is that a change in temperature will cause a change in resistance of the thermistor, and hence an electrical signal proportional to the measured can be obtained. Most thermistors

Semiconductor Pressure Sensor

     Electric pressure sensors use the same phenomena as the mechanical stress sensors - a change in longitudinal extension is processed into a change in resistance or electric capacity of the sensor. Sensors with membrane construction are usually used to pressure measurements.  The electric signal

Piezoelectric Sensors

In piezoelectric stress sensors, a piezoelectric effect is applied. This effect occurs when an electric charge Q is created in the dielectric crystal, or when a mechanical force (e.g., stress, pressure) is applied to the crystal. Such stress causes a mechanical deformation of the crystal. The electric voltage V is proportional