Sastramech

Platinum Sensors

Industrial measurements usually exploit resistance sensors, resistance thermometer detectors (RTDs), or thermocouples. Resistance sensors are fabricated of pure metals (platinum, nickel, and copper), of carbon, germanium, silicon, or other semiconductor materials. Metals used for temperature sensors are

Solenoid Actuators

The basic operation of solenoid actuators is very simple. The term ‘solenoid’ means: ‘many coils of wire wound onto a hollow tube’. However, the term is often misused, but has become so entrenched that terms like ‘starter solenoid’ – when really it is starter relay – are in common use. A good example of a solenoid actuator is

THERMISTOR

Thermistors are the most common device used for temperature measurement on a motor vehicle. The principle of measurement is that a change in temperature will cause a change in resistance of the thermistor, and hence an electrical signal proportional to the measured can be obtained. Most thermistors

Semiconductor Pressure Sensor

Electric pressure sensors use the same phenomena as the mechanical stress sensors - a change in longitudinal extension is processed into a change in resistance or electric capacity of the sensor. Sensors with membrane construction are usually used to pressure measurements. The electric signal

Engine Power of IC Engines

Engine power can range from a few watts in small model airplane engines to thousands of kW per cylinder in large multiple-cylinder stationary and ship engines. There is a large commercial market for engines in the 1.5- to 5-kW (2-7 hp) range for lawn mowers, chain saws,

Piston speed and compression ratio of IC Engines

Average piston speed for all engines will normally be in the range of 5 to 15 m/sec (15 to 50 ft/sec), with large diesel engines on the low end and high-performance automobile engines on the high end. There are two reasons why engines operate in this range. First, this is about the

Piezoelectric Sensors

In piezoelectric stress sensors, a piezoelectric effect is applied. This effect occurs when an electric charge Q is created in the dielectric crystal, or when a mechanical force (e.g., stress, pressure) is applied to the crystal. Such stress causes a mechanical deformation of the crystal. The electric voltage V is proportional